Meanings, symbols, and stories behind national flags

A clear, classroom-friendly reference for the colors, icons, and history of world flags. Simple, accurate, and fast.

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Complete collection of flag meanings, symbolism, and history.

Afghanistan

A white field with the Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith) written in black Arabic calligraphy, adopted when the Taliban regained control in 2021, representing Islamic governance and religious authority.

Adoption: Adopted: 2021
Continent: Continent: Asia

Åland Islands

A Nordic cross design with blue field, yellow cross, and red cross within the yellow, representing the unique position of these autonomous Swedish-speaking islands within Finland.

Adoption: Adopted: 1954
Continent: Continent: Europe

Albania

A red field with a black two-headed eagle, one of Europe's oldest heraldic symbols representing Albanian independence, strength, and the legacy of medieval hero Skanderbeg.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Europe

Algeria

Two equal vertical stripes of green and white with a red crescent and five-pointed star centered on the dividing line, representing Islam, peace, and the blood of martyrs who died for independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1962
Continent: Continent: Africa

American Samoa

Red, white, and blue field featuring a bald eagle holding traditional Samoan symbols, representing the blend of American and Polynesian cultures.

Adoption: Adopted: 1960
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Andorra

Three vertical stripes of blue, yellow, and red with the coat of arms centered on the yellow stripe, representing France and Spain (the co-princes), the principality itself, and the unique dual sovereignty arrangement that has governed this small Pyrenean state for over 700 years.

Adoption: Adopted: 1866
Continent: Continent: Europe

Angola

Two horizontal stripes of red and black with a yellow emblem in the center featuring a machete, star, and half gear wheel, representing the blood shed for independence, the African heritage, and the tools of liberation - agricultural work, socialism, and industrial progress.

Adoption: Adopted: 1975
Continent: Continent: Africa

Argentina

Three horizontal stripes of light blue, white, and light blue with a golden sun (Sol de Mayo) in the center, created by Manuel Belgrano during the independence wars and representing the clear skies after the storm of Spanish rule, the snow-capped Andes mountains, and the May Revolution that began Argentina's path to freedom.

Adoption: Adopted: 1812
Continent: Continent: South America

Armenia

Three horizontal stripes of red, blue, and orange (apricot), representing the blood shed for independence, the Armenian sky and hope for peace, and the fertile land and hardworking nature of the Armenian people, based on the flag of the First Republic of Armenia (1918-1920).

Adoption: Adopted: 1991
Continent: Continent: Asia

Australia

A blue ensign featuring the Union Jack in the canton and the Southern Cross constellation on the fly, with a large Commonwealth Star beneath the Union Jack, representing Australia's British heritage, its location in the Southern Hemisphere, and the federation of six colonies into one nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1901
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Austria

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and red, representing one of the world's oldest national flag designs, allegedly inspired by Duke Leopold V's blood-stained white surcoat after the Battle of Acre in 1191, and symbolizing the courage, honesty, and strength of the Austrian people.

Adoption: Adopted: 1945
Continent: Continent: Europe

Azerbaijan

Three horizontal stripes of blue, red, and green with a white crescent and eight-pointed star in the center, representing Turkic heritage, modernity and progress, Islamic tradition, and the eight branches of the Turkic peoples, designed during the brief independence period of 1918-1920.

Adoption: Adopted: 1991
Continent: Continent: Asia

Bahamas

Three horizontal stripes of aquamarine, gold, and aquamarine with a black equilateral triangle at the hoist, representing the waters surrounding the islands, the golden beaches and sunshine, and the strength and determination of the Bahamian people united in their love for their homeland.

Adoption: Adopted: 1973
Continent: Continent: North America

Bahrain

A white band on the hoist side separated from a red field by a serrated line with five triangular points, representing peace and the five pillars of Islam, while the red represents the Kharijite sect of Islam that historically dominated the region.

Adoption: Adopted: 2002
Continent: Continent: Asia

Bangladesh

A dark green field with a red circle positioned slightly toward the hoist side, representing the lush Bengali landscape and the sun rising over Bengal, as well as the blood shed during the Liberation War of 1971 and the new dawn of independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1972
Continent: Continent: Asia

Barbados

Three vertical stripes of ultramarine blue, gold, and ultramarine blue with a black trident head (broken from its staff) in the center golden stripe, representing the sea surrounding the island, the golden sands of its beaches, and the break from colonial dependence on Neptune's trident symbol.

Adoption: Adopted: 1966
Continent: Continent: North America

Belarus

A red horizontal stripe over a green stripe with a traditional red and white ornamental pattern on the hoist side, representing the historical heritage of Belarus, its forests and agriculture, and the decorative folk art traditions that define Belarusian cultural identity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1995
Continent: Continent: Europe

Belgium

Three vertical stripes of black, yellow, and red derived from the coat of arms of the Duchy of Brabant, adopted during Belgium's independence revolution and representing the nation's determination, generosity, and sacrifice.

Adoption: Adopted: 1831
Continent: Continent: Europe

Belize

A blue field with red stripes along the top and bottom edges and the national coat of arms in a white circle at the center, representing the ruling People's United Party, the opposition United Democratic Party, and the peace that unites them, making it the only national flag to feature human figures.

Adoption: Adopted: 1981
Continent: Continent: North America

Benin

A vertical green stripe on the hoist side with horizontal yellow and red stripes on the fly side, representing the forests and hope of the nation, the savannah and mineral wealth, and the courage and blood of the ancestors, using the Pan-African colors that symbolize African unity and liberation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1990
Continent: Continent: Africa

Bhutan

Divided diagonally with orange in the upper triangle and yellow in the lower triangle, featuring a white dragon (Druk) in the center holding jewels in its claws, representing the spiritual and temporal power of Bhutan and the Thunder Dragon that gives the country its name 'Land of the Thunder Dragon.'

Adoption: Adopted: 1969
Continent: Continent: Asia

Bolivia

Three horizontal stripes of red, yellow, and blue, with the national coat of arms centered on the yellow stripe in the state flag, representing the valor of the army, the mineral wealth of the nation, and the sky and sea that Bolivia once possessed before losing its coastline to Chile.

Adoption: Adopted: 1851
Continent: Continent: South America

Bosnia and Herzegovina

A blue field with a yellow triangle along the hoist and a line of white stars along the triangle's hypotenuse, designed to be ethnically neutral and represent the country's European aspirations while avoiding symbols associated with any particular ethnic group.

Adoption: Adopted: 1998
Continent: Continent: Europe

Botswana

Light blue field with a central black horizontal stripe bordered by thin white stripes, representing the life-giving rains, racial harmony, and the zebra that symbolizes the coexistence of black and white people in peace.

Adoption: Adopted: 1966
Continent: Continent: Africa

Brazil

Green field with yellow diamond containing a blue celestial globe with the motto 'Ordem e Progresso'.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: South America

Brunei

A yellow field with two diagonal stripes of white and black, featuring the national coat of arms in red in the center, representing the Sultan's sovereignty, the state's prosperity, and the nation's commitment to peace and Islamic values.

Adoption: Adopted: 1959
Continent: Continent: Asia

Bulgaria

Three horizontal stripes of white, green, and red representing peace and freedom, the agricultural wealth of the nation, and the courage and blood of Bulgarian patriots who fought for independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1991
Continent: Continent: Europe

Burkina Faso

Two horizontal bands of red and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center, representing the revolutionary ideals, agricultural wealth, and mineral resources of the nation, adopted when the country changed its name from Upper Volta.

Adoption: Adopted: 1984
Continent: Continent: Africa

Burundi

A white diagonal cross dividing the flag into alternating red and green triangles, with three red stars outlined in green in the center circle, representing unity, work, progress, and the three ethnic groups of Burundi.

Adoption: Adopted: 1967
Continent: Continent: Africa

Cambodia

Three horizontal stripes of blue, red (double width), and blue with a white depiction of Angkor Wat temple in the center, representing the nation, the king, and the sacred temple that symbolizes Cambodia's glorious past and cultural heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1993
Continent: Continent: Asia

Cameroon

Three vertical stripes of green, red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star in the center of the red stripe, representing the forests, unity, the sun and savanna, and the unity of the diverse peoples of Cameroon.

Adoption: Adopted: 1975
Continent: Continent: Africa

Canada

The Maple Leaf - a red stylized maple leaf centered on a white square between two red vertical bands, representing Canada's natural heritage and unity from coast to coast.

Adoption: Adopted: 1965
Continent: Continent: North America

Cape Verde

A blue field with two white stripes, one red stripe, and ten yellow five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, representing the Atlantic Ocean, peace, the struggle for independence, and the ten islands of this West African archipelago.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Africa

Central African Republic

Four horizontal stripes of blue, white, green, and yellow with a vertical red stripe through the center and a yellow five-pointed star in the upper hoist, combining Pan-African and French colors to represent unity and independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1958
Continent: Continent: Africa

Chad

Three vertical stripes of blue, yellow, and red representing Chad's geographic diversity from the waters and sky in the north to the desert and savannas, adopted on the eve of independence from France.

Adoption: Adopted: 1959
Continent: Continent: Africa

Chile

Two horizontal stripes of white over red with a blue square in the upper hoist containing a white five-pointed star, representing the sky and Pacific Ocean, the snow-capped Andes Mountains, the blood of patriots, and the guiding star of progress.

Adoption: Adopted: 1817
Continent: Continent: South America

China

Red field with five golden stars representing unity under Communist leadership and the four social classes.

Adoption: Adopted: 1949
Continent: Continent: Asia

Christmas Island

Green and blue field with Southern Cross constellation, golden bosun bird, and a circle representing the island.

Adoption: Adopted: 1986
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Cocos Islands

Green field with golden disc, crescent moon, palm tree, and Southern Cross representing the Malay Muslim community, tropical environment, and Australian connection.

Adoption: Adopted: 2004
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Colombia

Three horizontal stripes with yellow taking the top half and blue and red each taking a quarter, representing the golden wealth of the land, the seas and rivers, and the blood shed for independence from Spanish rule.

Adoption: Adopted: 1861
Continent: Continent: South America

Comoros

Four horizontal stripes of yellow, white, red, and blue with a green triangle at the hoist containing a white crescent and four white stars, representing the four islands, Islamic faith, and the pan-African heritage of this Indian Ocean archipelago.

Adoption: Adopted: 2002
Continent: Continent: Africa

Republic of the Congo

A diagonal tricolor with green in the upper hoist, red in the lower fly, and yellow diagonal stripe separating them, representing the forests, the struggle for independence, and the friendship and nobility of the Congolese people.

Adoption: Adopted: 1991
Continent: Continent: Africa

Costa Rica

Five horizontal stripes with blue at top and bottom, white stripes below and above the central red stripe, and the national coat of arms on the red stripe, representing the sky and opportunities, peace, and the warmth of the Costa Rican people.

Adoption: Adopted: 1906
Continent: Continent: North America

Croatia

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and blue with the Croatian coat of arms centered on the white stripe, featuring the distinctive red and white checkerboard pattern and five historical shields representing the regions of Croatia.

Adoption: Adopted: 1990
Continent: Continent: Europe

Cuba

Five horizontal stripes alternating blue and white with a red equilateral triangle at the hoist containing a white five-pointed star, representing the three original provinces, purity, the blood of martyrs, and the independence of Cuba.

Adoption: Adopted: 1902
Continent: Continent: North America

Cyprus

A white field with a copper-colored silhouette of the island of Cyprus and two green olive branches below, representing peace, the island's geographic identity, and its ancient association with copper mining and olive cultivation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1960
Continent: Continent: Europe

Czech Republic

Two horizontal stripes of white over red with a blue triangle extending from the hoist, combining Bohemian colors with Moravian blue, representing the historical lands and democratic ideals of the Czech nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1993
Continent: Continent: Europe

Denmark

A red field with a white Nordic cross slightly offset toward the hoist, known as the Dannebrog, representing one of the world's oldest national flags and the Christian heritage of the Danish kingdom.

Adoption: Adopted: 1219
Continent: Continent: Europe

Djibouti

A light blue field with a white triangle at the hoist containing a red five-pointed star, and a green lower stripe, representing the sky and sea, the Issa people, peace, unity, and the Afar people of this strategic Horn of Africa nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1977
Continent: Continent: Africa

Dominica

A green field with a cross pattern of yellow, black, and white stripes and a red circle in the center containing the Sisserou parrot, representing the lush vegetation, the Trinity, racial harmony, and the unique wildlife of the 'Nature Island of the Caribbean.'

Adoption: Adopted: 1990
Continent: Continent: North America

Dominican Republic

Four quarters alternating blue and red separated by a white cross, with the national coat of arms in the center, representing liberty, the blood of heroes, salvation and peace, and the Christian faith of the Dominican people.

Adoption: Adopted: 1844
Continent: Continent: North America

Ecuador

Three horizontal stripes with yellow taking the top half and blue and red each taking a quarter, featuring the national coat of arms in the center, representing the abundance of the land, the sky and ocean, and the blood shed for independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1860
Continent: Continent: South America

Egypt

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and black with the golden Eagle of Saladin centered on the white stripe, representing the struggle for freedom, purity and bright future, the dark past of oppression, and the strength of the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Adoption: Adopted: 1984
Continent: Continent: Africa

El Salvador

Three horizontal stripes of blue, white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered on the white stripe, representing the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, peace, and the hope for Central American unity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1912
Continent: Continent: North America

England

A red cross on a white field, known as the St. George's Cross, representing England's patron saint and Christian heritage, adopted during the medieval Crusades and remaining the national flag of England within the United Kingdom.

Adoption: Adopted: 1190
Continent: Continent: Europe

Equatorial Guinea

Three horizontal stripes of green, white, and red with a blue triangle at the hoist and the national coat of arms in the center, representing the country's forests, peace, independence struggle, and maritime heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1968
Continent: Continent: Africa

Eritrea

A red triangle at the hoist with a golden olive branch and wreath, adjacent to green and blue triangular sections, representing the struggle for independence, agricultural potential, maritime heritage, and hopes for peace.

Adoption: Adopted: 1995
Continent: Continent: Africa

Estonia

Three horizontal stripes of blue, black, and white representing the sky and sea, the soil and past struggles, and the snow and bright future of this Baltic nation known for its digital innovation and preserved medieval heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1990
Continent: Continent: Europe

Eswatini

Five horizontal stripes of blue, yellow, red, yellow, and blue with a traditional Swazi shield and two spears overlaid on the center red stripe, representing peace, mineral wealth, past struggles, and the protection of the kingdom.

Adoption: Adopted: 1968
Continent: Continent: Africa

Ethiopia

Three horizontal stripes of green, yellow, and red with a blue circle containing a yellow five-pointed star in the center, representing the original Pan-African colors, the diversity and unity of Ethiopia's peoples, and the country's ancient independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1996
Continent: Continent: Africa

Fiji

A light blue field with the Union Jack in the canton and Fiji's coat of arms on the fly side, representing the Pacific Ocean, British heritage, and the agricultural and maritime traditions of this island nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1970
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Finland

A white field with a blue Nordic cross slightly offset toward the hoist, representing Finland's Nordic heritage, the blue lakes and sky, and the white snow that covers the land for much of the year in the 'Land of a Thousand Lakes.'

Adoption: Adopted: 1918
Continent: Continent: Europe

France

Revolutionary tricolor symbolizing liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1830
Continent: Continent: Europe

French Polynesia

Red and white horizontal stripes with central emblem featuring an outrigger canoe, sun, and ocean waves representing Polynesian maritime culture and French governance.

Adoption: Adopted: 1984
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Gabon

Three horizontal stripes of green, yellow, and blue representing Gabon's equatorial forests, the equator itself, and the Atlantic Ocean, adopted upon independence from France.

Adoption: Adopted: 1960
Continent: Continent: Africa

Gambia

Three horizontal stripes of red, blue, and green separated by thin white stripes, representing the sun, the Gambia River, agriculture, and peace, symbolizing the natural beauty and harmony of the smallest mainland African nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1965
Continent: Continent: Africa

Georgia

A white field with a large red Saint George's cross extending to the edges and four smaller red Bolnisi crosses in each quadrant, representing Georgia's ancient Christian heritage and the five wounds of Christ.

Adoption: Adopted: 2004
Continent: Continent: Asia

Germany

Three horizontal stripes of black, red, and gold representing the democratic traditions of Germany, with colors rooted in the 19th-century liberal movement and symbolizing unity, justice, and freedom in the modern Federal Republic.

Adoption: Adopted: 1949
Continent: Continent: Europe

Ghana

The flag of Ghana and its meaning.

Adoption: Adopted: TBD
Continent: Continent: Africa

Greece

Nine horizontal stripes alternating blue and white with a blue canton containing a white Greek cross, representing the sea and sky, purity and struggle for independence, and the Greek Orthodox faith that unites the nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1978
Continent: Continent: Europe

Grenada

A red border surrounding yellow and green triangular sections with seven gold stars and a nutmeg symbol, representing the warmth of the people, sunshine and agriculture, vegetation and youth, and Grenada's fame as the 'Spice Island.'

Adoption: Adopted: 1974
Continent: Continent: North America

Guatemala

Three vertical stripes of blue, white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered on the white stripe, representing the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, peace, and the sovereignty of the Republic of Guatemala.

Adoption: Adopted: 1871
Continent: Continent: North America

Guinea

Three equal vertical stripes of red, yellow, and green representing the Pan-African colors, with red symbolizing sacrifice, yellow representing the sun and mineral wealth, and green representing the country's vegetation and agriculture.

Adoption: Adopted: 1958
Continent: Continent: Africa

Guinea-Bissau

A vertical red stripe at the hoist with a black five-pointed star, and two horizontal stripes of yellow over green on the fly side, representing the liberation struggle, unity, hope, and the agricultural wealth of Guinea-Bissau.

Adoption: Adopted: 1973
Continent: Continent: Africa

Guyana

A green field with a yellow arrowhead bordered in white pointing toward the fly, and a red triangle bordered in black at the hoist, known as 'The Golden Arrowhead,' representing the country's natural resources, diversity, and forward progress.

Adoption: Adopted: 1966
Continent: Continent: South America

Haiti

Two horizontal stripes of blue over red, representing the union of black and mixed-race Haitians and the blood shed for independence, making Haiti the first independent black republic and symbol of successful slave revolution.

Adoption: Adopted: 1986
Continent: Continent: North America

Honduras

Three horizontal stripes of blue, white, and blue with five blue five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern on the white stripe, representing the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, peace, and the hope for Central American unity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1866
Continent: Continent: North America

Hungary

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and green representing strength, faithfulness, and hope, with colors rooted in medieval Hungarian heraldry and the struggle for independence from foreign rule.

Adoption: Adopted: 1957
Continent: Continent: Europe

Iceland

A blue field with a white-bordered red Nordic cross slightly offset toward the hoist, representing Iceland's Nordic heritage, Christian history, and the natural elements of fire and ice that define the island nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1944
Continent: Continent: Europe

India

Three horizontal stripes of saffron, white, and green with a navy blue Ashoka Chakra (24-spoke wheel) in the center, representing courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, faith and fertility, and the eternal wheel of law in Indian philosophy.

Adoption: Adopted: 1947
Continent: Continent: Asia

Indonesia

Two horizontal stripes of red over white, known as 'Sang Saka Merah-Putih' (The Sacred Red and White), representing the courage and purity of the Indonesian people and their struggle for independence from colonial rule.

Adoption: Adopted: 1945
Continent: Continent: Asia

Iran

Three horizontal stripes of green, white, and red with a stylized emblem in the center and repeated 'Allahu Akbar' text along the borders, representing the Islamic Republic of Iran and the principles of the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

Adoption: Adopted: 1980
Continent: Continent: Asia

Iraq

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and black (Pan-Arab colors) with 'Allahu Akbar' (God is Greatest) written in green Arabic Kufic script across the white stripe, representing Arab unity, Islamic faith, and Iraqi sovereignty.

Adoption: Adopted: 2008
Continent: Continent: Asia

Ireland

Three equal vertical stripes of green, white, and orange, representing the hope for peace between the Catholic and Protestant communities of Ireland, with the tricolor symbolizing unity and the aspiration for a harmonious Irish nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1922
Continent: Continent: Europe

Isle of Man

Red field featuring the ancient Celtic triskelion symbol of three armored legs, representing strength and resilience.

Adoption: Adopted: 1932
Continent: Continent: Europe

Israel

A white field with two horizontal blue stripes near the top and bottom edges and a blue Star of David (Magen David) in the center, based on the design of the traditional Jewish prayer shawl (tallit) and representing Jewish heritage and the modern State of Israel.

Adoption: Adopted: 1948
Continent: Continent: Asia

Italy

Three equal vertical stripes of green, white, and red, known as 'Il Tricolore,' representing the Italian Republic and embodying the values of hope, faith, and charity that unite the Italian peninsula.

Adoption: Adopted: 1946
Continent: Continent: Europe

Jamaica

A diagonal cross pattern dividing the flag into four triangles, with green triangles at top and bottom, black triangles at hoist and fly, and yellow diagonal cross, symbolizing the natural beauty, strength of the people, and golden sunshine of Jamaica.

Adoption: Adopted: 1962
Continent: Continent: North America

Japan

Hinomaru - the rising sun disc on white field, one of the world's oldest flag designs representing Japan as the 'Land of the Rising Sun'.

Adoption: Adopted: 1999
Continent: Continent: Asia

Jordan

Three horizontal stripes of black, white, and green with a red triangle on the hoist side containing a seven-pointed white star, representing the Arab Revolt heritage and the Hashemite Kingdom's role as guardian of Islamic holy sites.

Adoption: Adopted: 1928
Continent: Continent: Asia

Kazakhstan

A turquoise field with a golden sun and soaring eagle in the center, and a traditional ornamental pattern on the hoist side, representing the eternal blue sky, freedom, and the rich nomadic heritage of the world's largest landlocked country.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Asia

Kenya

Three horizontal stripes of black, red, and green separated by narrow white stripes, with a traditional Maasai shield and two crossed spears centered on the flag, representing Kenya's struggle for independence and the defense of freedom.

Adoption: Adopted: 1963
Continent: Continent: Africa

Kiribati

A red upper field with a golden frigatebird flying over a rising sun above blue and white wavy stripes, representing the Pacific sunrise, ocean waves, and the unique geography of this coral atoll nation spread across the international dateline.

Adoption: Adopted: 1979
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Kuwait

Three horizontal stripes of green, white, and red with a black trapezoid on the hoist side, representing Kuwait's position in the Arab world and its transformation from pearl diving to oil wealth in the Arabian Gulf.

Adoption: Adopted: 1961
Continent: Continent: Asia

Kyrgyzstan

A red field with a yellow sun featuring 40 rays and a tunduk (yurt crown) in the center, representing the nomadic heritage, unity of 40 tribes, and the traditional dwelling of the Kyrgyz people in this mountainous Central Asian nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Asia

Laos

Three horizontal stripes of red, blue, and red with a white circle centered on the blue stripe, representing the blood of independence, the Mekong River, and the full moon reflecting unity of the Lao people.

Adoption: Adopted: 1975
Continent: Continent: Asia

Latvia

Three horizontal stripes with dark red (maroon) stripes on top and bottom and a narrow white stripe in the center, representing one of the world's oldest flag designs dating back to medieval times and Latvia's struggle for independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1990
Continent: Continent: Europe

Lebanon

Two horizontal red stripes separated by a white stripe twice their width, with a green cedar tree centered on the white stripe, representing the strength, purity, and eternal heritage of the 'Land of the Cedars.'

Adoption: Adopted: 1943
Continent: Continent: Asia

Lesotho

Three horizontal stripes of blue, white, and green with a black traditional Basotho hat (mokorotlo) centered on the white stripe, representing peace, rain, prosperity, and the cultural heritage of this mountain kingdom completely surrounded by South Africa.

Adoption: Adopted: 2006
Continent: Continent: Africa

Liberia

Eleven alternating red and white stripes with a blue canton containing a single white five-pointed star, representing Africa's first republic founded by freed American slaves and its role as a beacon of freedom on the continent.

Adoption: Adopted: 1847
Continent: Continent: Africa

Libya

Three horizontal stripes of red, black, and green with a white crescent and five-pointed star centered on the black stripe, representing Libya's return to its royal heritage after the 2011 revolution and the unity of its three historical regions.

Adoption: Adopted: 2011
Continent: Continent: Africa

Liechtenstein

Two horizontal stripes of blue and red with a golden crown in the upper left corner, representing this Alpine principality that is one of the world's smallest and wealthiest nations.

Adoption: Adopted: 1937
Continent: Continent: Europe

Lithuania

Three horizontal stripes of yellow, green, and red representing the golden wheat fields, green forests, and blood shed for independence of this Baltic nation that led the peaceful dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Adoption: Adopted: 1989
Continent: Continent: Europe

Luxembourg

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and light blue representing the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, one of Europe's smallest but wealthiest nations and a founding member of the European Union.

Adoption: Adopted: 1972
Continent: Continent: Europe

Madagascar

A white vertical stripe on the hoist side with two horizontal stripes of red and green on the fly side, representing the diverse heritage of the Malagasy people and the unique natural environment of the world's fourth-largest island.

Adoption: Adopted: 1958
Continent: Continent: Africa

Malawi

Three horizontal stripes of black, red, and green with a red rising sun in the upper left corner, representing the African people, the blood of freedom fighters, the land's fertility, and the dawn of freedom and hope.

Adoption: Adopted: 1964
Continent: Continent: Africa

Malaysia

Fourteen alternating red and white stripes with a blue canton containing a yellow crescent and 14-pointed star, representing the federation of Malaysian states and territories united under Islam and royal authority.

Adoption: Adopted: 1963
Continent: Continent: Asia

Maldives

A green rectangle centered on a red field with a white crescent facing the hoist, representing Islam, the peace of the islands, and the blood of heroes who defended this coral atoll nation in the Indian Ocean.

Adoption: Adopted: 1965
Continent: Continent: Asia

Mali

Three vertical stripes of green, yellow, and red representing Mali's agricultural potential, mineral wealth, and the blood of independence fighters, connecting modern Mali to both Pan-African ideals and its legacy as home to medieval Africa's greatest empires.

Adoption: Adopted: 1961
Continent: Continent: Africa

Malta

Two vertical stripes of white and red with the George Cross in the upper left corner, representing Malta's courage during World War II and its historical significance in the Mediterranean.

Adoption: Adopted: 1964
Continent: Continent: Europe

Marshall Islands

A blue field with diagonal orange and white stripes extending from the lower left, and a white 24-pointed star in the upper left corner, representing the Pacific Ocean, the island chains, and the Christian faith of this coral atoll nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1979
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Mauritania

A green field with yellow crescent and star, bordered by red stripes at top and bottom, representing Mauritania's Islamic identity, the Sahara Desert, and the blood of those who defended the nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 2017
Continent: Continent: Africa

Mauritius

Four horizontal stripes of red, blue, yellow, and green representing the struggle for independence, the Indian Ocean, the bright future, and the lush vegetation of this successful island democracy.

Adoption: Adopted: 1968
Continent: Continent: Africa

Mexico

Three vertical stripes of green, white, and red with the Mexican coat of arms centered on the white stripe, featuring an eagle perched on a cactus devouring a serpent, representing the Aztec founding legend of Tenochtitlan and Mexican independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1968
Continent: Continent: North America

Micronesia

Four white five-pointed stars arranged in a diamond pattern on a light blue field, representing the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia surrounded by the Pacific Ocean.

Adoption: Adopted: 1978
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Moldova

Three vertical stripes of blue, yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered on the yellow stripe, representing Moldova's emergence from Soviet rule and its historical connections to Romanian heritage and European identity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1990
Continent: Continent: Europe

Monaco

Two horizontal stripes of red and white derived from the heraldic colors of the House of Grimaldi, representing one of the world's smallest sovereign states and oldest ruling dynasties.

Adoption: Adopted: 1881
Continent: Continent: Europe

Mongolia

Three vertical stripes of red, blue, and red with the ancient Soyombo symbol in yellow on the hoist-side red stripe, representing Mongolia's transition to democracy and its deep philosophical traditions rooted in Tengrism and Buddhism.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Asia

Montenegro

A red field with golden border and the coat of arms featuring a golden double-headed eagle, representing Montenegro's medieval heritage, Orthodox Christian identity, and recent independence from Serbia.

Adoption: Adopted: 2004
Continent: Continent: Europe

Morocco

A red field with a green interlaced pentagram (Seal of Solomon) in the center. The flag reflects Morocco’s dynastic traditions and Islamic heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1915
Continent: Continent: Africa

Mozambique

A horizontal tricolor of green, black, and yellow, separated by white fimbriations, with a red triangle at the hoist bearing a yellow star, a book, a hoe, and an AK-47 with bayonet. The flag uniquely features a modern weapon as a national symbol.

Adoption: Adopted: 1983
Continent: Continent: Africa

Myanmar

A horizontal tricolor of yellow, green, and red with a large white five-pointed star in the center. Adopted in 2010, the flag symbolizes unity and a new era for Myanmar.

Adoption: Adopted: 2010
Continent: Continent: Asia

namibia

A diagonal tricolor divided from the lower hoist to upper fly by a red band with white borders, with blue in the upper hoist containing a golden sun, and green in the lower fly. The design symbolizes Namibia’s land, people, and resources.

Adoption: Adopted: 1990
Continent: Continent: Africa

Nauru

A blue field with a horizontal yellow stripe across the center and a white twelve-pointed star below the stripe near the hoist. The design reflects Nauru’s position just south of the equator and its cultural identity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1968
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Nepal

The only national flag that is non-rectangular, composed of two stacked crimson pennons with blue borders, featuring a white moon and a white sun. It reflects Nepal’s distinct identity, culture, and Hindu-Buddhist traditions.

Adoption: Adopted: 1962
Continent: Continent: Asia

Netherlands

A horizontal tricolor of red, white, and blue, the oldest tricolor still in use today. It originated in the 16th century during the Dutch Revolt against Spain.

Adoption: Adopted: 1937
Continent: Continent: Europe

New Caledonia

Horizontal tricolor with traditional Kanak symbols representing the indigenous culture, French heritage, and natural environment of the Pacific archipelago.

Adoption: Adopted: 2010
Continent: Continent: Oceania

New Zealand

A blue ensign with the Union Jack in the canton and four red five-pointed stars outlined in white representing the Southern Cross constellation, reflecting New Zealand's British heritage and Southern Hemisphere location.

Adoption: Adopted: 1902
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Nicaragua

Three horizontal stripes of blue, white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered on the white stripe, representing Nicaragua's position between two oceans and its revolutionary ideals of liberty and peace.

Adoption: Adopted: 1971
Continent: Continent: North America

Niger

Three horizontal stripes of orange, white, and green with an orange circle centered on the white stripe, representing the Sahara Desert, the Niger River, and the fertile south, with the sun symbolizing hope and determination.

Adoption: Adopted: 1959
Continent: Continent: Africa

Nigeria

A vertical tricolor of green, white, and green. The flag was adopted at independence in 1960 and represents agriculture, unity, and peace.

Adoption: Adopted: 1960
Continent: Continent: Africa

Niue

Golden yellow field with Union Jack canton and stars representing 'The Rock of Polynesia' and its unique free association with New Zealand.

Adoption: Adopted: 1975
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Norfolk Island

Vertical green stripe and white field featuring the iconic Norfolk Pine, symbol of the island's unique heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1979
Continent: Continent: Oceania

North Korea

A red central stripe bordered by narrow white and broad blue stripes, with a white circle containing a red star near the hoist. The flag reflects socialism, patriotism, and Korean heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1948
Continent: Continent: Asia

North Macedonia

A red field with a golden-yellow stylized sun with eight broad rays extending to the edges. Known as the 'Sun of Liberty,' it symbolizes freedom and the new nation’s identity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1995
Continent: Continent: Europe

Northern Ireland

The Ulster Banner - featuring the Red Hand of Ulster on a white field with the Union Jack canton and crown, served as Northern Ireland's official flag from 1953-1972 and remains in unofficial use today.

Adoption: Adopted: 1953
Continent: Continent: Europe

Northern Mariana Islands

A blue field with a white star and gray latte stone behind it, surrounded by a decorative wreath. The flag represents the islands’ indigenous culture, U.S. affiliation, and Pacific identity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1985
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Norway

Nordic cross design with red field, white cross, and blue outline, symbolizing Norwegian independence and Scandinavian heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1821
Continent: Continent: Europe

Oman

Three horizontal stripes of white, red, and green with a vertical red band at the hoist containing the national emblem. The design reflects Oman’s heritage, unity, and natural environment.

Adoption: Adopted: 1995
Continent: Continent: Asia

Pakistan

A green field with a white vertical stripe at the hoist, a white crescent, and a five-pointed star. The flag symbolizes Islam, religious minorities, and the guiding ideals of the nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1947
Continent: Continent: Asia

Palau

A light blue field with a golden-yellow full moon slightly off-center toward the hoist. The flag symbolizes independence, culture, and natural harmony.

Adoption: Adopted: 1981
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Panama

Quartered flag with white and blue star in top left, red in top right, blue in bottom left, and white with red star in bottom right. The design symbolizes political balance and the ideals of peace and progress.

Adoption: Adopted: 1925
Continent: Continent: North America

Papua New Guinea

Divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly: the upper triangle is red with a yellow Raggiana bird-of-paradise, and the lower triangle is black with five white stars of the Southern Cross.

Adoption: Adopted: 1971
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Paraguay

A horizontal tricolor of red, white, and blue. Unique among national flags, Paraguay’s flag has different emblems on the obverse and reverse sides: the national coat of arms on the front, and the treasury seal on the back.

Adoption: Adopted: 1842
Continent: Continent: South America

Peru

A vertical triband of red, white, and red. The civil flag is a simple triband, while the state flag includes the national coat of arms in the center white band. The design reflects Peru’s struggle for independence and its natural richness.

Adoption: Adopted: 1825
Continent: Continent: South America

Philippines

A horizontal bicolor of blue over red with a white equilateral triangle at the hoist, containing a golden sun and three golden stars. The Philippine flag is unique in that it is inverted in wartime, with the red field displayed on top.

Adoption: Adopted: 1898
Continent: Continent: Asia

Pitcairn Islands

Blue ensign with Union Jack and coat of arms featuring the Bible, anchor, and wheelbarrow symbolizing faith, maritime heritage, and agriculture.

Adoption: Adopted: 1984
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Poland

A simple bicolor of white over red, reflecting Poland’s heraldry and national identity. The design is among the simplest yet most recognizable European flags.

Adoption: Adopted: 1919
Continent: Continent: Europe

Portugal

A vertical bicolor of green and red with the national coat of arms at the boundary. The design reflects Portugal’s history of exploration, discovery, and national pride.

Adoption: Adopted: 1911
Continent: Continent: Europe

Qatar

A national flag divided vertically with a broad white band on the hoist and a larger maroon field separated by nine white serrated points. Qatar’s unique flag ratio and color reflect its history and independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 1971
Continent: Continent: Asia

Romania

A vertical tricolor of blue, yellow, and red, representing the unity of Romania’s historical regions. The design dates to the 19th century and was restored after the fall of communism in 1989.

Adoption: Adopted: 1989
Continent: Continent: Europe

Russia

A horizontal tricolor of white, blue, and red, representing the Russian Federation’s national identity, history, and Slavic heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1991
Continent: Continent: Europe/Asia

Rwanda

A tricolor of blue, yellow, and green bands with a golden sun in the upper fly corner. Adopted in 2001, the flag symbolizes unity, hope, and a new era of peace following the 1994 genocide.

Adoption: Adopted: 2001
Continent: Continent: Africa

Saint Kitts and Nevis

A diagonal black band edged in yellow divides the flag from lower hoist to upper fly, with green above and red below. Two white stars appear in the black band, representing hope and liberty.

Adoption: Adopted: 1983
Continent: Continent: North America

Saint Lucia

A cerulean blue field with a gold isosceles triangle in front of a white-edged black triangle. The design reflects the island’s natural features and cultural heritage.

Adoption: Adopted: 1967
Continent: Continent: North America

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

A vertical tricolor of blue, gold, and green with three green diamonds arranged in a V shape in the center of the gold band. The diamonds symbolize Saint Vincent as the 'Gems of the Antilles.'

Adoption: Adopted: 1985
Continent: Continent: North America

Samoa

A red field with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist containing the Southern Cross constellation in white. The flag reflects Samoan heritage and its place in the South Pacific.

Adoption: Adopted: 1949
Continent: Continent: Oceania

San Marino

White and light blue horizontal bicolor with coat of arms featuring three towers representing the ancient fortress republic on Mount Titano.

Adoption: Adopted: 1862
Continent: Continent: Europe

Saudi Arabia

A green field with the Islamic declaration of faith (shahada) in white above a horizontal sword. The design emphasizes Islam as the foundation of the state.

Adoption: Adopted: 1973
Continent: Continent: Asia

Scotland

The Saltire - white diagonal cross of Saint Andrew on azure blue field, one of the world's oldest national flags.

Adoption: Adopted: 12th century
Continent: Continent: Europe

Senegal

A vertical tricolor of green, yellow, and red with a green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band. The flag reflects Pan-African identity and national unity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1960
Continent: Continent: Africa

Serbia

A horizontal tricolor of red, blue, and white with the national coat of arms offset toward the hoist. The coat of arms features a double-headed white eagle, the Serbian cross, and a royal crown.

Adoption: Adopted: 2004
Continent: Continent: Europe

Seychelles

A flag of five oblique bands radiating from the bottom hoist corner: blue, yellow, red, white, and green. The design symbolizes a dynamic, forward-looking nation embracing unity and diversity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1996
Continent: Continent: Africa

Sierra Leone

A horizontal tricolor of green, white, and blue, symbolizing the land, unity and justice, and the sea and hope, adopted at independence in 1961.

Adoption: Adopted: 1961
Continent: Continent: Africa

Singapore

A bicolor flag with a red upper half and white lower half. In the upper hoist is a white crescent moon beside five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle. The flag symbolizes Singapore’s ideals of unity, progress, and multicultural harmony.

Adoption: Adopted: 1959
Continent: Continent: Asia

Sint Maarten

Horizontal tricolor with coat of arms featuring the courthouse, yellow-sage flower, and motto 'Semper Progrediens' (Always Progressing).

Adoption: Adopted: 1985
Continent: Continent: North America

Slovakia

A horizontal tricolor of white, blue, and red with the Slovak coat of arms placed toward the hoist. The coat of arms features a double silver cross rising from three blue hills, symbolizing Christianity and Slovakia’s mountainous landscape.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Europe

Slovenia

A horizontal tricolor of white, blue, and red with the Slovenian coat of arms placed toward the hoist in the upper stripe. The coat of arms features Mount Triglav, Slovenia’s highest peak, three six-pointed golden stars, and wavy blue lines representing rivers and the Adriatic Sea.

Adoption: Adopted: 1991
Continent: Continent: Europe

Solomon Islands

A blue triangle in the upper hoist and green triangle in the lower fly, separated by a thin yellow diagonal stripe, with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern in the blue triangle, representing the ocean, land, sunshine, and the five main island groups of this Melanesian nation.

Adoption: Adopted: 1978
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Somalia

A light blue field with a white five-pointed star in the center, representing the United Nations that helped Somalia achieve independence, the sky and Indian Ocean surrounding the Horn of Africa, and the five historical regions of Greater Somalia united under one symbol.

Adoption: Adopted: 2012
Continent: Continent: Africa

South Africa

A Y-shaped design with six colors converging toward the flag pole, representing the convergence of diverse elements in South African society and the country's path forward as a unified nation after the end of apartheid and the transition to democracy.

Adoption: Adopted: 1994
Continent: Continent: Africa

South Korea

A white field with a red and blue taegeuk (yin-yang symbol) in the center surrounded by four black trigrams from the I Ching, representing the harmony of opposites, the balance of natural forces, and the philosophical foundations of Korean civilization dating back thousands of years.

Adoption: Adopted: 1949
Continent: Continent: Asia

South Sudan

Three horizontal stripes of black, red, and white with a blue triangle at the hoist containing a yellow star, representing the African people, the blood shed for freedom, peace, the Nile River, and the unity of the states, designed for the world's newest country upon independence in 2011.

Adoption: Adopted: 2011
Continent: Continent: Africa

Spain

Two horizontal red stripes separated by a yellow stripe twice their width, with the national coat of arms on the yellow stripe toward the hoist, representing the historical kingdoms of Castile and Aragon and the traditional colors that have symbolized Spain for centuries.

Adoption: Adopted: 1981
Continent: Continent: Europe

Sri Lanka

A maroon field with a golden lion holding a sword, surrounded by four golden bo leaves, with vertical stripes of orange and green on the hoist side, representing the Sinhalese majority, Tamil and Muslim minorities, Buddhism, and the courage and strength of the Sri Lankan people.

Adoption: Adopted: 1972
Continent: Continent: Asia

Sudan

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and black with a green triangle at the hoist, representing the Pan-Arab colors of the struggle for independence, the blood shed for freedom, peace and light, the battles against oppression, and the prosperity and agriculture of Sudan.

Adoption: Adopted: 1970
Continent: Continent: Africa

Suriname

Five horizontal stripes of green, white, red, white, and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center of the red stripe, representing the country's forests and agriculture, peace and justice, unity and progress of the people, hope and golden future, designed for independence in 1975.

Adoption: Adopted: 1975
Continent: Continent: South America

Sweden

A blue field with a yellow Nordic cross extending to the flag's edges, representing the Christian heritage that shaped Swedish culture and the national colors that have symbolized Sweden since medieval times, part of the Nordic cross tradition shared with other Scandinavian countries.

Adoption: Adopted: 1906
Continent: Continent: Europe

Switzerland

A red square field with a white Greek cross in the center, representing the Christian faith that united the early Swiss cantons and the blood shed in defense of freedom, with origins dating back to the Holy Roman Empire and medieval Swiss military banners.

Adoption: Adopted: 1889
Continent: Continent: Europe

Syria

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and black with two green five-pointed stars on the white stripe, representing the Pan-Arab colors of liberation struggles, the Hashemite flag heritage, and the Ba'ath Party's Arab socialist ideology that has governed Syria since 1963.

Adoption: Adopted: 1980
Continent: Continent: Asia

Taiwan

A red field with a blue canton containing a white twelve-pointed sun, representing the Republic of China flag adopted in 1928, symbolizing the Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, livelihood), the twelve traditional Chinese hours, and the aspiration for progress and development.

Adoption: Adopted: 1928
Continent: Continent: Asia

Tajikistan

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and green with a golden crown topped by seven stars in the center of the white stripe, representing the unity of workers and peasants, cotton and snow-capped mountains, the verdant valleys, and the Somoni crown symbolizing Tajik sovereignty and the seven regions of historical Tajikistan.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Asia

Tanzania

A green triangle in the upper hoist, a blue triangle in the lower fly, separated by a diagonal black stripe bordered by yellow stripes, representing the country's agriculture and forests, mineral wealth, the African people, and the Indian Ocean, symbolizing the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.

Adoption: Adopted: 1964
Continent: Continent: Africa

Thailand

Five horizontal stripes with red at top and bottom, white in the second and fourth positions, and blue in the center, representing the nation and the people, the purity of Buddhism, and the monarchy, designed by King Rama VI during World War I to show solidarity with the Allies.

Adoption: Adopted: 1917
Continent: Continent: Asia

Togo

Five horizontal stripes alternating green and yellow with a blue canton containing a white five-pointed star, representing the country's forests and agriculture, mineral wealth, the blood shed for independence, hope and purity, and the unity of the Togolese people under one star.

Adoption: Adopted: 1960
Continent: Continent: Africa

Tonga

A red field with a white canton containing a red cross, representing the blood of Christ and the sacrifice of Jesus for mankind, the purity of Christian faith, and the deeply Christian identity of the Kingdom of Tonga as a Pacific island nation that was never colonized.

Adoption: Adopted: 1875
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Trinidad and Tobago

A red field with a black diagonal stripe bordered by thin white stripes running from the upper hoist to the lower fly, representing the vitality of the land and people, the sea surrounding the islands, and the wealth and strength of the nation, designed by local artist Carlisle Chang.

Adoption: Adopted: 1962
Continent: Continent: North America

Tunisia

A red field with a white circle in the center containing a red crescent moon and five-pointed star, representing the blood shed for independence, purity and peace, Islam, and the unity of all Muslims, based on the Ottoman flag but with distinct Tunisian characteristics.

Adoption: Adopted: 1959
Continent: Continent: Africa

Turkey

A red field with a white crescent moon and five-pointed star slightly off-center toward the hoist, representing the blood of martyrs who died for the country, Islam, and the guidance of the state, with symbols that have ancient origins in Turkic and Ottoman traditions.

Adoption: Adopted: 1936
Continent: Continent: Asia

Turkmenistan

A green field with a vertical red stripe containing five traditional carpet guls (patterns) on the hoist side, and a white crescent moon with five stars in the upper left, representing Islam, the traditional carpet weaving culture, neutrality, and the five regions and senses of Turkmenistan.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Asia

Tuvalu

A light blue field with the Union Jack in the canton and nine yellow stars representing the nine atolls of Tuvalu, symbolizing the Pacific Ocean that surrounds the islands, the historical connection to Britain, and the geographical arrangement of the island nation in the central Pacific.

Adoption: Adopted: 1978
Continent: Continent: Oceania

United Arab Emirates

A vertical red stripe at the hoist with three horizontal stripes of green, white, and black on the fly side, representing the Pan-Arab colors that symbolize Arab unity, fertility, peace, and the defeat of enemies, designed by a young Emirati and chosen from over 1,000 submissions.

Adoption: Adopted: 1971
Continent: Continent: Asia

Uganda

Six horizontal stripes alternating black, yellow, and red (repeated twice) with a white circle containing the grey crowned crane in the center, representing the African people, sunshine and prosperity, brotherhood and unity, and the national bird that symbolizes Uganda's forward movement.

Adoption: Adopted: 1962
Continent: Continent: Africa

United Kingdom

The Union Jack combines the crosses of Saint George (England), Saint Andrew (Scotland), and Saint Patrick (Ireland) on a blue field, representing the political union of England, Scotland, and Ireland under one crown, though Wales is not directly represented in the flag design.

Adoption: Adopted: 1801
Continent: Continent: Europe

Ukraine

Two horizontal bands of blue over yellow, representing the blue sky over golden wheat fields that symbolize Ukraine as the 'breadbasket of Europe,' with colors that have represented Ukrainian identity for centuries and were officially adopted after independence from the Soviet Union.

Adoption: Adopted: 1992
Continent: Continent: Europe

Uruguay

Nine alternating horizontal stripes of blue and white with a golden sun (Sol de Mayo) in the upper left canton, representing the nine original departments of Uruguay, the clear skies and peace, and the May Revolution that inspired South American independence movements.

Adoption: Adopted: 1828
Continent: Continent: South America

United States

Stars and stripes representing the states and original colonies that founded America.

Adoption: Adopted: 1960
Continent: Continent: North America

Uzbekistan

Three horizontal stripes of blue, white, and green separated by thin red stripes, with a white crescent moon and twelve white stars on the blue stripe, representing the sky and water, peace and purity, nature and fertility, the life force, the rebirth of Uzbekistan, and the twelve months of the year.

Adoption: Adopted: 1991
Continent: Continent: Asia

Vanuatu

Red and green horizontal bands separated by a black stripe edged in yellow, with a yellow Y-shape extending from the hoist containing a boar's tusk and two crossed fern leaves, representing the blood of sacrifice, the rich soil, the Melanesian people, enlightenment, and traditional Melanesian values and culture.

Adoption: Adopted: 1980
Continent: Continent: Oceania

Vatican City

Two vertical bands of yellow and white with the papal coat of arms featuring crossed keys and the papal tiara on the white band, representing the temporal and spiritual power of the Pope as sovereign of the world's smallest state and leader of the global Catholic Church.

Adoption: Adopted: 1929
Continent: Continent: Europe

Venezuela

Three horizontal stripes of yellow, blue, and red with eight white stars in an arc on the blue stripe and the coat of arms on the upper hoist corner, representing the wealth of the land, the seas separating Venezuela from Spain, the blood shed for independence, and the eight original provinces that declared independence.

Adoption: Adopted: 2006
Continent: Continent: South America

Vietnam

A red field with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center, representing the blood shed for independence and the unity of workers, peasants, intellectuals, youth, and soldiers under Communist Party leadership in the struggle for national liberation and socialist construction.

Adoption: Adopted: 1945
Continent: Continent: Asia

Wales

Y Ddraig Goch - the red dragon passant on green and white horizontal field, representing Welsh heritage and Celtic identity.

Adoption: Adopted: 1959
Continent: Continent: Europe

Yemen

Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and black representing the Pan-Arab colors that symbolize the bloodshed for freedom, bright future and peace, and the dark past of oppression, adopted when North and South Yemen unified into the Republic of Yemen.

Adoption: Adopted: 1990
Continent: Continent: Asia

Zambia

A green field with three vertical stripes of red, black, and orange in the lower right corner and an orange eagle above the stripes, representing the country's natural wealth, the struggle for freedom, the African heritage, the mineral wealth (particularly copper), and the ability to rise above problems.

Adoption: Adopted: 1964
Continent: Continent: Africa

Zimbabwe

Seven horizontal stripes alternating green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, green with a white triangle at the hoist containing a red five-pointed star and the Zimbabwe Bird, representing the nation's agricultural wealth, mineral resources, blood shed for independence, the African people, peace, and the ancient civilization of Great Zimbabwe.

Adoption: Adopted: 1980
Continent: Continent: Africa

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